Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar (1785–1870) was a French inventor and entrepreneur best known for designing, patenting and manufacturing the first commercially successful mechanical calculator in 1820 and the Arithmometer. It was 100 years before mechanical calculators gave way, in the 1930s, to electromechanical calculators, which then quickly gave way to the first general-purpose electronic computer, ENIAC, in 1946. By 1965, Gordon Moore was predicting that engineers would be able to double the number of components on a microchip every two years (and by 1968, he co-founded Intel to help them do so).

Just as Moore predicted, computers continue to become exponentially faster, while their components have become much cheaper; from the first computer to the Apple II to modern PCs.